What causes temporomandibular joint dysfunctions?

The causes of TMD include direct trauma to the jaws or joint region, accidental injuries, unilateral chewing, tooth loss, grinding, non-physiological factors such as stress and depression, joint developmental defects, degenerative joint disorders, osteoarthritis, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.

What are the symptoms of TMD?

It can be a severe pain, or a constant and dull pain that happens every time you swallow, yawn, chew, or talk. Pain can manifest in many areas, such as in the area in front of the jaw, where the joint is located. The pain can also be in the face, head, ear and jaw caused by spasms in neighboring muscles.

What are the treatment options for TMD?

Patient training and preventive treatment are among the options along with splint therapy, drug treatment, exercises, physical therapy, manipulation therapy, botox application, psychiatric support, and advanced treatment such as surgery in late cases.

Surgical applications should be directed to implantology.